1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
// Copyright 2020-2022 The NATS Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

use crate::auth::Auth;
use crate::connector;
use crate::{Client, ConnectError, Event, ToServerAddrs};
use base64::engine::general_purpose::URL_SAFE_NO_PAD;
use base64::engine::Engine;
use futures::Future;
use std::fmt::Formatter;
use std::{
    fmt,
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
    pin::Pin,
    sync::Arc,
    time::Duration,
};
use tokio::io;
use tokio_rustls::rustls;

/// Connect options. Used to connect with NATS when custom config is needed.
/// # Examples
/// ```no_run
/// # #[tokio::main]
/// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
/// let mut options = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
///     .require_tls(true)
///     .ping_interval(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10))
///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
///     .await?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
pub struct ConnectOptions {
    pub(crate) name: Option<String>,
    pub(crate) no_echo: bool,
    pub(crate) max_reconnects: Option<usize>,
    pub(crate) connection_timeout: Duration,
    pub(crate) auth: Auth,
    pub(crate) tls_required: bool,
    pub(crate) tls_first: bool,
    pub(crate) certificates: Vec<PathBuf>,
    pub(crate) client_cert: Option<PathBuf>,
    pub(crate) client_key: Option<PathBuf>,
    pub(crate) tls_client_config: Option<rustls::ClientConfig>,
    pub(crate) ping_interval: Duration,
    pub(crate) subscription_capacity: usize,
    pub(crate) sender_capacity: usize,
    pub(crate) event_callback: Option<CallbackArg1<Event, ()>>,
    pub(crate) inbox_prefix: String,
    pub(crate) request_timeout: Option<Duration>,
    pub(crate) retry_on_initial_connect: bool,
    pub(crate) ignore_discovered_servers: bool,
    pub(crate) retain_servers_order: bool,
    pub(crate) read_buffer_capacity: u16,
    pub(crate) reconnect_delay_callback: Box<dyn Fn(usize) -> Duration + Send + Sync + 'static>,
    pub(crate) auth_callback: Option<CallbackArg1<Vec<u8>, Result<Auth, AuthError>>>,
}

impl fmt::Debug for ConnectOptions {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
        f.debug_map()
            .entry(&"name", &self.name)
            .entry(&"no_echo", &self.no_echo)
            .entry(&"max_reconnects", &self.max_reconnects)
            .entry(&"connection_timeout", &self.connection_timeout)
            .entry(&"tls_required", &self.tls_required)
            .entry(&"certificates", &self.certificates)
            .entry(&"client_cert", &self.client_cert)
            .entry(&"client_key", &self.client_key)
            .entry(&"tls_client_config", &"XXXXXXXX")
            .entry(&"tls_first", &self.tls_first)
            .entry(&"ping_interval", &self.ping_interval)
            .entry(&"sender_capacity", &self.sender_capacity)
            .entry(&"inbox_prefix", &self.inbox_prefix)
            .entry(&"retry_on_initial_connect", &self.retry_on_initial_connect)
            .entry(&"read_buffer_capacity", &self.read_buffer_capacity)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl Default for ConnectOptions {
    fn default() -> ConnectOptions {
        ConnectOptions {
            name: None,
            no_echo: false,
            max_reconnects: None,
            connection_timeout: Duration::from_secs(5),
            tls_required: false,
            tls_first: false,
            certificates: Vec::new(),
            client_cert: None,
            client_key: None,
            tls_client_config: None,
            ping_interval: Duration::from_secs(60),
            sender_capacity: 2048,
            subscription_capacity: 1024 * 64,
            event_callback: None,
            inbox_prefix: "_INBOX".to_string(),
            request_timeout: Some(Duration::from_secs(10)),
            retry_on_initial_connect: false,
            ignore_discovered_servers: false,
            retain_servers_order: false,
            read_buffer_capacity: 65535,
            reconnect_delay_callback: Box::new(|attempts| {
                connector::reconnect_delay_callback_default(attempts)
            }),
            auth: Default::default(),
            auth_callback: None,
        }
    }
}

impl ConnectOptions {
    /// Enables customization of NATS connection.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let mut options = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .require_tls(true)
    ///     .ping_interval(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10))
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn new() -> ConnectOptions {
        ConnectOptions::default()
    }

    /// Connect to the NATS Server leveraging all passed options.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .require_tls(true)
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Pass multiple URLs.
    /// ```no_run
    /// #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// use async_nats::ServerAddr;
    /// let client = async_nats::connect(vec![
    ///     "demo.nats.io".parse::<ServerAddr>()?,
    ///     "other.nats.io".parse::<ServerAddr>()?,
    /// ])
    /// .await
    /// .unwrap();
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn connect<A: ToServerAddrs>(self, addrs: A) -> Result<Client, ConnectError> {
        crate::connect_with_options(addrs, self).await
    }

    /// Creates a builder with a custom auth callback to be used when authenticating against the NATS Server.
    /// Requires an asynchronous function that accepts nonce and returns [Auth].
    /// It will overwrite all other auth methods used.
    ///
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::with_auth_callback(move |_| async move {
    ///     let mut auth = async_nats::Auth::new();
    ///     auth.username = Some("derek".to_string());
    ///     auth.password = Some("s3cr3t".to_string());
    ///     Ok(auth)
    /// })
    /// .connect("demo.nats.io")
    /// .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn with_auth_callback<F, Fut>(callback: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(Vec<u8>) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
        Fut: Future<Output = std::result::Result<Auth, AuthError>> + 'static + Send + Sync,
    {
        let mut options = ConnectOptions::new();
        options.auth_callback = Some(CallbackArg1::<Vec<u8>, Result<Auth, AuthError>>(Box::new(
            move |nonce| Box::pin(callback(nonce)),
        )));
        options
    }

    /// Authenticate against NATS Server with the provided token.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::with_token("t0k3n!".into())
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn with_token(token: String) -> Self {
        ConnectOptions::default().token(token)
    }

    /// Use a builder to specify a token, to be used when authenticating against the NATS Server.
    /// This can be used as a way to mix authentication methods.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .token("t0k3n!".into())
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn token(mut self, token: String) -> Self {
        self.auth.token = Some(token);
        self
    }

    /// Authenticate against NATS Server with the provided username and password.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::with_user_and_password("derek".into(), "s3cr3t!".into())
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn with_user_and_password(user: String, pass: String) -> Self {
        ConnectOptions::default().user_and_password(user, pass)
    }

    /// Use a builder to specify a username and password, to be used when authenticating against the NATS Server.
    /// This can be used as a way to mix authentication methods.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .user_and_password("derek".into(), "s3cr3t!".into())
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn user_and_password(mut self, user: String, pass: String) -> Self {
        self.auth.username = Some(user);
        self.auth.password = Some(pass);
        self
    }

    /// Authenticate with an NKey. Requires an NKey Seed secret.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let seed = "SUANQDPB2RUOE4ETUA26CNX7FUKE5ZZKFCQIIW63OX225F2CO7UEXTM7ZY";
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::with_nkey(seed.into())
    ///     .connect("localhost")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn with_nkey(seed: String) -> Self {
        ConnectOptions::default().nkey(seed)
    }

    /// Use a builder to specify an NKey, to be used when authenticating against the NATS Server.
    /// Requires an NKey Seed Secret.
    /// This can be used as a way to mix authentication methods.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let seed = "SUANQDPB2RUOE4ETUA26CNX7FUKE5ZZKFCQIIW63OX225F2CO7UEXTM7ZY";
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .nkey(seed.into())
    ///     .connect("localhost")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn nkey(mut self, seed: String) -> Self {
        self.auth.nkey = Some(seed);
        self
    }

    /// Authenticate with a JWT. Requires function to sign the server nonce.
    /// The signing function is asynchronous.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let seed = "SUANQDPB2RUOE4ETUA26CNX7FUKE5ZZKFCQIIW63OX225F2CO7UEXTM7ZY";
    /// let key_pair = std::sync::Arc::new(nkeys::KeyPair::from_seed(seed).unwrap());
    /// // load jwt from creds file or other secure source
    /// async fn load_jwt() -> std::io::Result<String> {
    ///     todo!();
    /// }
    /// let jwt = load_jwt().await?;
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::with_jwt(jwt, move |nonce| {
    ///     let key_pair = key_pair.clone();
    ///     async move { key_pair.sign(&nonce).map_err(async_nats::AuthError::new) }
    /// })
    /// .connect("localhost")
    /// .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn with_jwt<F, Fut>(jwt: String, sign_cb: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(Vec<u8>) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
        Fut: Future<Output = std::result::Result<Vec<u8>, AuthError>> + 'static + Send + Sync,
    {
        ConnectOptions::default().jwt(jwt, sign_cb)
    }

    /// Use a builder to specify a JWT, to be used when authenticating against the NATS Server.
    /// Requires an asynchronous function to sign the server nonce.
    /// This can be used as a way to mix authentication methods.
    ///
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let seed = "SUANQDPB2RUOE4ETUA26CNX7FUKE5ZZKFCQIIW63OX225F2CO7UEXTM7ZY";
    /// let key_pair = std::sync::Arc::new(nkeys::KeyPair::from_seed(seed).unwrap());
    /// // load jwt from creds file or other secure source
    /// async fn load_jwt() -> std::io::Result<String> {
    ///     todo!();
    /// }
    /// let jwt = load_jwt().await?;
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .jwt(jwt, move |nonce| {
    ///         let key_pair = key_pair.clone();
    ///         async move { key_pair.sign(&nonce).map_err(async_nats::AuthError::new) }
    ///     })
    ///     .connect("localhost")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn jwt<F, Fut>(mut self, jwt: String, sign_cb: F) -> Self
    where
        F: Fn(Vec<u8>) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
        Fut: Future<Output = std::result::Result<Vec<u8>, AuthError>> + 'static + Send + Sync,
    {
        let sign_cb = Arc::new(sign_cb);

        let jwt_sign_callback = CallbackArg1(Box::new(move |nonce: String| {
            let sign_cb = sign_cb.clone();
            Box::pin(async move {
                let sig = sign_cb(nonce.as_bytes().to_vec())
                    .await
                    .map_err(AuthError::new)?;
                Ok(URL_SAFE_NO_PAD.encode(sig))
            })
        }));

        self.auth.jwt = Some(jwt);
        self.auth.signature_callback = Some(jwt_sign_callback);
        self
    }

    /// Authenticate with NATS using a `.creds` file.
    /// Open the provided file, load its creds,
    /// and perform the desired authentication
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::with_credentials_file("path/to/my.creds")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .connect("connect.ngs.global")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn with_credentials_file(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> io::Result<Self> {
        let cred_file_contents = crate::auth_utils::load_creds(path.as_ref()).await?;
        Self::with_credentials(&cred_file_contents)
    }

    /// Use a builder to specify a credentials file, to be used when authenticating against the NATS Server.
    /// This will open the credentials file and load its credentials.
    /// This can be used as a way to mix authentication methods.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .credentials_file("path/to/my.creds")
    ///     .await?
    ///     .connect("connect.ngs.global")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub async fn credentials_file(self, path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> io::Result<Self> {
        let cred_file_contents = crate::auth_utils::load_creds(path.as_ref()).await?;
        self.credentials(&cred_file_contents)
    }

    /// Authenticate with NATS using a credential str, in the creds file format.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let creds = "-----BEGIN NATS USER JWT-----
    /// eyJ0eXAiOiJqd3QiLCJhbGciOiJlZDI1NTE5...
    /// ------END NATS USER JWT------
    ///
    /// ************************* IMPORTANT *************************
    /// NKEY Seed printed below can be used sign and prove identity.
    /// NKEYs are sensitive and should be treated as secrets.
    ///
    /// -----BEGIN USER NKEY SEED-----
    /// SUAIO3FHUX5PNV2LQIIP7TZ3N4L7TX3W53MQGEIVYFIGA635OZCKEYHFLM
    /// ------END USER NKEY SEED------
    /// ";
    ///
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::with_credentials(creds)
    ///     .expect("failed to parse static creds")
    ///     .connect("connect.ngs.global")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn with_credentials(creds: &str) -> io::Result<Self> {
        ConnectOptions::default().credentials(creds)
    }

    /// Use a builder to specify a credentials string, to be used when authenticating against the NATS Server.
    /// The string should be in the credentials file format.
    /// This can be used as a way to mix authentication methods.
    ///
    /// # Example
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let creds = "-----BEGIN NATS USER JWT-----
    /// eyJ0eXAiOiJqd3QiLCJhbGciOiJlZDI1NTE5...
    /// ------END NATS USER JWT------
    ///
    /// ************************* IMPORTANT *************************
    /// NKEY Seed printed below can be used sign and prove identity.
    /// NKEYs are sensitive and should be treated as secrets.
    ///
    /// -----BEGIN USER NKEY SEED-----
    /// SUAIO3FHUX5PNV2LQIIP7TZ3N4L7TX3W53MQGEIVYFIGA635OZCKEYHFLM
    /// ------END USER NKEY SEED------
    /// ";
    ///
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .credentials(creds)
    ///     .expect("failed to parse static creds")
    ///     .connect("connect.ngs.global")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn credentials(self, creds: &str) -> io::Result<Self> {
        let (jwt, key_pair) = crate::auth_utils::parse_jwt_and_key_from_creds(creds)?;
        let key_pair = std::sync::Arc::new(key_pair);

        Ok(self.jwt(jwt.to_owned(), move |nonce| {
            let key_pair = key_pair.clone();
            async move { key_pair.sign(&nonce).map_err(AuthError::new) }
        }))
    }

    /// Loads root certificates by providing the path to them.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .add_root_certificates("mycerts.pem".into())
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn add_root_certificates(mut self, path: PathBuf) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.certificates = vec![path];
        self
    }

    /// Loads client certificate by providing the path to it.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .add_client_certificate("cert.pem".into(), "key.pem".into())
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn add_client_certificate(mut self, cert: PathBuf, key: PathBuf) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.client_cert = Some(cert);
        self.client_key = Some(key);
        self
    }

    /// Sets or disables TLS requirement. If TLS connection is impossible while `options.require_tls(true)` connection will return error.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// let nc = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .require_tls(true)
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn require_tls(mut self, is_required: bool) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.tls_required = is_required;
        self
    }

    /// Changes how tls connection is established. If `tls_first` is set,
    /// client will try to establish tls before getting info from the server.
    /// That requires the server to enable `handshake_first` option in the config.
    pub fn tls_first(mut self) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.tls_first = true;
        self.tls_required = true;
        self
    }

    /// Sets how often Client sends PING message to the server.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # use tokio::time::Duration;
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .ping_interval(Duration::from_secs(24))
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn ping_interval(mut self, ping_interval: Duration) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.ping_interval = ping_interval;
        self
    }

    /// Sets `no_echo` option which disables delivering messages that were published from the same
    /// connection.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .no_echo()
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn no_echo(mut self) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.no_echo = true;
        self
    }

    /// Sets the capacity for `Subscribers`. Exceeding it will trigger `slow consumer` error
    /// callback and drop messages.
    /// Default is set to 65536 messages buffer.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .subscription_capacity(1024)
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn subscription_capacity(mut self, capacity: usize) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.subscription_capacity = capacity;
        self
    }

    /// Sets a timeout for the underlying TcpStream connection to avoid hangs and deadlocks.
    /// Default is set to 5 seconds.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .connection_timeout(tokio::time::Duration::from_secs(5))
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn connection_timeout(mut self, timeout: Duration) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.connection_timeout = timeout;
        self
    }

    /// Sets a timeout for `Client::request`. Default value is set to 10 seconds.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .request_timeout(Some(std::time::Duration::from_secs(3)))
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn request_timeout(mut self, timeout: Option<Duration>) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.request_timeout = timeout;
        self
    }

    /// Registers an asynchronous callback for errors that are received over the wire from the server.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// As asynchronous callbacks are still not in `stable` channel, here are some examples how to
    /// work around this
    ///
    /// ## Basic
    /// If you don't need to move anything into the closure, simple signature can be used:
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .event_callback(|event| async move {
    ///         println!("event occurred: {}", event);
    ///     })
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Listening to specific event kind
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .event_callback(|event| async move {
    ///         match event {
    ///             async_nats::Event::Disconnected => println!("disconnected"),
    ///             async_nats::Event::Connected => println!("reconnected"),
    ///             async_nats::Event::ClientError(err) => println!("client error occurred: {}", err),
    ///             other => println!("other event happened: {}", other),
    ///         }
    ///     })
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    ///
    /// ## Advanced
    /// If you need to move something into the closure, here's an example how to do that
    ///
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    /// let (tx, mut _rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(1);
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .event_callback(move |event| {
    ///         let tx = tx.clone();
    ///         async move {
    ///             tx.send(event).await.unwrap();
    ///         }
    ///     })
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn event_callback<F, Fut>(mut self, cb: F) -> ConnectOptions
    where
        F: Fn(Event) -> Fut + Send + Sync + 'static,
        Fut: Future<Output = ()> + 'static + Send + Sync,
    {
        self.event_callback = Some(CallbackArg1::<Event, ()>(Box::new(move |event| {
            Box::pin(cb(event))
        })));
        self
    }

    /// Registers a callback for a custom reconnect delay handler that can be used to define a backoff duration strategy.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```no_run
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::ConnectError> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .reconnect_delay_callback(|attempts| {
    ///         println!("no of attempts: {attempts}");
    ///         std::time::Duration::from_millis(std::cmp::min((attempts * 100) as u64, 8000))
    ///     })
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn reconnect_delay_callback<F>(mut self, cb: F) -> ConnectOptions
    where
        F: Fn(usize) -> Duration + Send + Sync + 'static,
    {
        self.reconnect_delay_callback = Box::new(cb);
        self
    }

    /// By default, Client dispatches op's to the Client onto the channel with capacity of 128.
    /// This option enables overriding it.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .client_capacity(256)
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn client_capacity(mut self, capacity: usize) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.sender_capacity = capacity;
        self
    }

    /// Sets custom prefix instead of default `_INBOX`.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    ///
    /// ```
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .custom_inbox_prefix("CUSTOM")
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn custom_inbox_prefix<T: ToString>(mut self, prefix: T) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.inbox_prefix = prefix.to_string();
        self
    }

    /// Sets the name for the client.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .name("rust-service")
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn name<T: ToString>(mut self, name: T) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.name = Some(name.to_string());
        self
    }

    /// By default, [`ConnectOptions::connect`] will return an error if
    /// the connection to the server cannot be established.
    ///
    /// Setting `retry_on_initial_connect` makes the client
    /// establish the connection in the background.
    pub fn retry_on_initial_connect(mut self) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.retry_on_initial_connect = true;
        self
    }

    /// Specifies the number of consecutive reconnect attempts the client will
    /// make before giving up. This is useful for preventing zombie services
    /// from endlessly reaching the servers, but it can also be a footgun and
    /// surprise for users who do not expect that the client can give up
    /// entirely.
    ///
    /// Pass `None` or `0` for no limit.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .max_reconnects(None)
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn max_reconnects<T: Into<Option<usize>>>(mut self, max_reconnects: T) -> ConnectOptions {
        let val: Option<usize> = max_reconnects.into();
        self.max_reconnects = if val == Some(0) { None } else { val };
        self
    }

    /// By default, a server may advertise other servers in the cluster known to it.
    /// By setting this option, the client will ignore the advertised servers.
    /// This may be useful if the client may not be able to reach them.
    pub fn ignore_discovered_servers(mut self) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.ignore_discovered_servers = true;
        self
    }

    /// By default, client will pick random server to which it will try connect to.
    /// This option disables that feature, forcing it to always respect the order
    /// in which server addresses were passed.
    pub fn retain_servers_order(mut self) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.retain_servers_order = true;
        self
    }

    /// Allows passing custom rustls tls config.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> Result<(), async_nats::Error> {
    /// let mut root_store = async_nats::rustls::RootCertStore::empty();
    ///
    /// root_store.add_parsable_certificates(rustls_native_certs::load_native_certs()?);
    ///
    /// let tls_client = async_nats::rustls::ClientConfig::builder()
    ///     .with_root_certificates(root_store)
    ///     .with_no_client_auth();
    ///
    /// let client = async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .require_tls(true)
    ///     .tls_client_config(tls_client)
    ///     .connect("tls://demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    ///
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn tls_client_config(mut self, config: rustls::ClientConfig) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.tls_client_config = Some(config);
        self
    }

    /// Sets the initial capacity of the read buffer. Which is a buffer used to gather partial
    /// protocol messages.
    ///
    /// # Examples
    /// ```
    /// # #[tokio::main]
    /// # async fn main() -> std::result::Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    /// async_nats::ConnectOptions::new()
    ///     .read_buffer_capacity(65535)
    ///     .connect("demo.nats.io")
    ///     .await?;
    /// # Ok(())
    /// # }
    /// ```
    pub fn read_buffer_capacity(mut self, size: u16) -> ConnectOptions {
        self.read_buffer_capacity = size;
        self
    }
}

pub(crate) type AsyncCallbackArg1<A, T> =
    Box<dyn Fn(A) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = T> + Send + Sync + 'static>> + Send + Sync>;

pub(crate) struct CallbackArg1<A, T>(AsyncCallbackArg1<A, T>);

impl<A, T> CallbackArg1<A, T> {
    pub(crate) async fn call(&self, arg: A) -> T {
        (self.0.as_ref())(arg).await
    }
}

impl<A, T> fmt::Debug for CallbackArg1<A, T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
        f.write_str("callback")
    }
}

/// Error report from signing callback.
// This was needed because std::io::Error isn't Send.
#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
pub struct AuthError(String);

impl AuthError {
    pub fn new(s: impl ToString) -> Self {
        Self(s.to_string())
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Display for AuthError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(&format!("AuthError({})", &self.0))
    }
}

impl std::fmt::Debug for AuthError {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(&format!("AuthError({})", &self.0))
    }
}

impl std::error::Error for AuthError {}