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use crate::{
clocks::{
host::{monotonic_clock, wall_clock},
HostMonotonicClock, HostWallClock,
},
filesystem::{Dir, OpenMode},
network::{SocketAddrCheck, SocketAddrUse},
pipe, random, stdio,
stdio::{StdinStream, StdoutStream},
DirPerms, FilePerms,
};
use anyhow::Result;
use cap_rand::{Rng, RngCore, SeedableRng};
use cap_std::ambient_authority;
use std::path::Path;
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::{future::Future, pin::Pin};
use std::{mem, net::SocketAddr};
use wasmtime::component::ResourceTable;
/// Builder-style structure used to create a [`WasiCtx`].
///
/// This type is used to create a [`WasiCtx`] that is considered per-[`Store`]
/// state. The [`build`][WasiCtxBuilder::build] method is used to finish the
/// building process and produce a finalized [`WasiCtx`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime_wasi::{WasiCtxBuilder, WasiCtx};
///
/// let mut wasi = WasiCtxBuilder::new();
/// wasi.arg("./foo.wasm");
/// wasi.arg("--help");
/// wasi.env("FOO", "bar");
///
/// let wasi: WasiCtx = wasi.build();
/// ```
///
/// [`Store`]: wasmtime::Store
pub struct WasiCtxBuilder {
stdin: Box<dyn StdinStream>,
stdout: Box<dyn StdoutStream>,
stderr: Box<dyn StdoutStream>,
env: Vec<(String, String)>,
args: Vec<String>,
preopens: Vec<(Dir, String)>,
socket_addr_check: SocketAddrCheck,
random: Box<dyn RngCore + Send>,
insecure_random: Box<dyn RngCore + Send>,
insecure_random_seed: u128,
wall_clock: Box<dyn HostWallClock + Send>,
monotonic_clock: Box<dyn HostMonotonicClock + Send>,
allowed_network_uses: AllowedNetworkUses,
allow_blocking_current_thread: bool,
built: bool,
}
impl WasiCtxBuilder {
/// Creates a builder for a new context with default parameters set.
///
/// The current defaults are:
///
/// * stdin is closed
/// * stdout and stderr eat all input and it doesn't go anywhere
/// * no env vars
/// * no arguments
/// * no preopens
/// * clocks use the host implementation of wall/monotonic clocks
/// * RNGs are all initialized with random state and suitable generator
/// quality to satisfy the requirements of WASI APIs.
/// * TCP/UDP are allowed but all addresses are denied by default.
/// * `wasi:network/ip-name-lookup` is denied by default.
///
/// These defaults can all be updated via the various builder configuration
/// methods below.
pub fn new() -> Self {
// For the insecure random API, use `SmallRng`, which is fast. It's
// also insecure, but that's the deal here.
let insecure_random = Box::new(
cap_rand::rngs::SmallRng::from_rng(cap_rand::thread_rng(cap_rand::ambient_authority()))
.unwrap(),
);
// For the insecure random seed, use a `u128` generated from
// `thread_rng()`, so that it's not guessable from the insecure_random
// API.
let insecure_random_seed =
cap_rand::thread_rng(cap_rand::ambient_authority()).gen::<u128>();
Self {
stdin: Box::new(pipe::ClosedInputStream),
stdout: Box::new(pipe::SinkOutputStream),
stderr: Box::new(pipe::SinkOutputStream),
env: Vec::new(),
args: Vec::new(),
preopens: Vec::new(),
socket_addr_check: SocketAddrCheck::default(),
random: random::thread_rng(),
insecure_random,
insecure_random_seed,
wall_clock: wall_clock(),
monotonic_clock: monotonic_clock(),
allowed_network_uses: AllowedNetworkUses::default(),
allow_blocking_current_thread: false,
built: false,
}
}
/// Provides a custom implementation of stdin to use.
///
/// By default stdin is closed but an example of using the host's native
/// stdin looks like:
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime_wasi::{stdin, WasiCtxBuilder};
///
/// let mut wasi = WasiCtxBuilder::new();
/// wasi.stdin(stdin());
/// ```
///
/// Note that inheriting the process's stdin can also be done through
/// [`inherit_stdin`](WasiCtxBuilder::inherit_stdin).
pub fn stdin(&mut self, stdin: impl StdinStream + 'static) -> &mut Self {
self.stdin = Box::new(stdin);
self
}
/// Same as [`stdin`](WasiCtxBuilder::stdin), but for stdout.
pub fn stdout(&mut self, stdout: impl StdoutStream + 'static) -> &mut Self {
self.stdout = Box::new(stdout);
self
}
/// Same as [`stdin`](WasiCtxBuilder::stdin), but for stderr.
pub fn stderr(&mut self, stderr: impl StdoutStream + 'static) -> &mut Self {
self.stderr = Box::new(stderr);
self
}
/// Configures this context's stdin stream to read the host process's
/// stdin.
///
/// Note that concurrent reads of stdin can produce surprising results so
/// when using this it's typically best to have a single wasm instance in
/// the process using this.
pub fn inherit_stdin(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self.stdin(stdio::stdin())
}
/// Configures this context's stdout stream to write to the host process's
/// stdout.
///
/// Note that unlike [`inherit_stdin`](WasiCtxBuilder::inherit_stdin)
/// multiple instances printing to stdout works well.
pub fn inherit_stdout(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self.stdout(stdio::stdout())
}
/// Configures this context's stderr stream to write to the host process's
/// stderr.
///
/// Note that unlike [`inherit_stdin`](WasiCtxBuilder::inherit_stdin)
/// multiple instances printing to stderr works well.
pub fn inherit_stderr(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self.stderr(stdio::stderr())
}
/// Configures all of stdin, stdout, and stderr to be inherited from the
/// host process.
///
/// See [`inherit_stdin`](WasiCtxBuilder::inherit_stdin) for some rationale
/// on why this should only be done in situations of
/// one-instance-per-process.
pub fn inherit_stdio(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self.inherit_stdin().inherit_stdout().inherit_stderr()
}
/// Configures whether or not blocking operations made through this
/// `WasiCtx` are allowed to block the current thread.
///
/// WASI is currently implemented on top of the Rust
/// [Tokio](https://tokio.rs/) library. While most WASI APIs are
/// non-blocking some are instead blocking from the perspective of
/// WebAssembly. For example opening a file is a blocking operation with
/// respect to WebAssembly but it's implemented as an asynchronous operation
/// on the host. This is currently done with Tokio's
/// [`spawn_blocking`](https://docs.rs/tokio/latest/tokio/task/fn.spawn_blocking.html).
///
/// When WebAssembly is used in a synchronous context, for example when
/// [`Config::async_support`] is disabled, then this asynchronous operation
/// is quickly turned back into a synchronous operation with a `block_on` in
/// Rust. This switching back-and-forth between a blocking a non-blocking
/// context can have overhead, and this option exists to help alleviate this
/// overhead.
///
/// This option indicates that for WASI functions that are blocking from the
/// perspective of WebAssembly it's ok to block the native thread as well.
/// This means that this back-and-forth between async and sync won't happen
/// and instead blocking operations are performed on-thread (such as opening
/// a file). This can improve the performance of WASI operations when async
/// support is disabled.
///
/// [`Config::async_support`]: https://docs.rs/wasmtime/latest/wasmtime/struct.Config.html#method.async_support
pub fn allow_blocking_current_thread(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self {
self.allow_blocking_current_thread = enable;
self
}
/// Appends multiple environment variables at once for this builder.
///
/// All environment variables are appended to the list of environment
/// variables that this builder will configure.
///
/// At this time environment variables are not deduplicated and if the same
/// key is set twice then the guest will see two entries for the same key.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime_wasi::{stdin, WasiCtxBuilder};
///
/// let mut wasi = WasiCtxBuilder::new();
/// wasi.envs(&[
/// ("FOO", "bar"),
/// ("HOME", "/somewhere"),
/// ]);
/// ```
pub fn envs(&mut self, env: &[(impl AsRef<str>, impl AsRef<str>)]) -> &mut Self {
self.env.extend(
env.iter()
.map(|(k, v)| (k.as_ref().to_owned(), v.as_ref().to_owned())),
);
self
}
/// Appends a single environment variable for this builder.
///
/// At this time environment variables are not deduplicated and if the same
/// key is set twice then the guest will see two entries for the same key.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime_wasi::{stdin, WasiCtxBuilder};
///
/// let mut wasi = WasiCtxBuilder::new();
/// wasi.env("FOO", "bar");
/// ```
pub fn env(&mut self, k: impl AsRef<str>, v: impl AsRef<str>) -> &mut Self {
self.env
.push((k.as_ref().to_owned(), v.as_ref().to_owned()));
self
}
/// Configures all environment variables to be inherited from the calling
/// process into this configuration.
///
/// This will use [`envs`](WasiCtxBuilder::envs) to append all host-defined
/// environment variables.
pub fn inherit_env(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self.envs(&std::env::vars().collect::<Vec<(String, String)>>())
}
/// Appends a list of arguments to the argument array to pass to wasm.
pub fn args(&mut self, args: &[impl AsRef<str>]) -> &mut Self {
self.args.extend(args.iter().map(|a| a.as_ref().to_owned()));
self
}
/// Appends a single argument to get passed to wasm.
pub fn arg(&mut self, arg: impl AsRef<str>) -> &mut Self {
self.args.push(arg.as_ref().to_owned());
self
}
/// Appends all host process arguments to the list of arguments to get
/// passed to wasm.
pub fn inherit_args(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self.args(&std::env::args().collect::<Vec<String>>())
}
/// Configures a "preopened directory" to be available to WebAssembly.
///
/// By default WebAssembly does not have access to the filesystem because
/// the are no preopened directories. All filesystem operations, such as
/// opening a file, are done through a preexisting handle. This means that
/// to provide WebAssembly access to a directory it must be configured
/// through this API.
///
/// WASI will also prevent access outside of files provided here. For
/// example `..` can't be used to traverse up from the `dir` provided here
/// to the containing directory.
///
/// * `host_path` - a path to a directory on the host to open and make
/// accessible to WebAssembly. Note that the name of this directory in the
/// guest is configured with `guest_path` below.
/// * `guest_path` - the name of the preopened directory from WebAssembly's
/// perspective. Note that this does not need to match the host's name for
/// the directory.
/// * `dir_perms` - this is the permissions that wasm will have to operate on
/// `dir`. This can be used, for example, to provide readonly access to a
/// directory.
/// * `file_perms` - similar to `perms` but corresponds to the maximum set
/// of permissions that can be used for any file in this directory.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// This method will return an error if `host_path` cannot be opened.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime_wasi::{WasiCtxBuilder, DirPerms, FilePerms};
///
/// # fn main() {}
/// # fn foo() -> wasmtime::Result<()> {
/// let mut wasi = WasiCtxBuilder::new();
///
/// // Make `./host-directory` available in the guest as `.`
/// wasi.preopened_dir("./host-directory", ".", DirPerms::all(), FilePerms::all());
///
/// // Make `./readonly` available in the guest as `./ro`
/// wasi.preopened_dir("./readonly", "./ro", DirPerms::READ, FilePerms::READ);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// ```
pub fn preopened_dir(
&mut self,
host_path: impl AsRef<Path>,
guest_path: impl AsRef<str>,
dir_perms: DirPerms,
file_perms: FilePerms,
) -> Result<&mut Self> {
let dir = cap_std::fs::Dir::open_ambient_dir(host_path.as_ref(), ambient_authority())?;
let mut open_mode = OpenMode::empty();
if dir_perms.contains(DirPerms::READ) {
open_mode |= OpenMode::READ;
}
if dir_perms.contains(DirPerms::MUTATE) {
open_mode |= OpenMode::WRITE;
}
self.preopens.push((
Dir::new(
dir,
dir_perms,
file_perms,
open_mode,
self.allow_blocking_current_thread,
),
guest_path.as_ref().to_owned(),
));
Ok(self)
}
/// Set the generator for the `wasi:random/random` number generator to the
/// custom generator specified.
///
/// Note that contexts have a default RNG configured which is a suitable
/// generator for WASI and is configured with a random seed per-context.
///
/// Guest code may rely on this random number generator to produce fresh
/// unpredictable random data in order to maintain its security invariants,
/// and ideally should use the insecure random API otherwise, so using any
/// prerecorded or otherwise predictable data may compromise security.
pub fn secure_random(&mut self, random: impl RngCore + Send + 'static) -> &mut Self {
self.random = Box::new(random);
self
}
/// Configures the generator for `wasi:random/insecure`.
///
/// The `insecure_random` generator provided will be used for all randomness
/// requested by the `wasi:random/insecure` interface.
pub fn insecure_random(&mut self, insecure_random: impl RngCore + Send + 'static) -> &mut Self {
self.insecure_random = Box::new(insecure_random);
self
}
/// Configures the seed to be returned from `wasi:random/insecure-seed` to
/// the specified custom value.
///
/// By default this number is randomly generated when a builder is created.
pub fn insecure_random_seed(&mut self, insecure_random_seed: u128) -> &mut Self {
self.insecure_random_seed = insecure_random_seed;
self
}
/// Configures `wasi:clocks/wall-clock` to use the `clock` specified.
///
/// By default the host's wall clock is used.
pub fn wall_clock(&mut self, clock: impl HostWallClock + 'static) -> &mut Self {
self.wall_clock = Box::new(clock);
self
}
/// Configures `wasi:clocks/monotonic-clock` to use the `clock` specified.
///
/// By default the host's monotonic clock is used.
pub fn monotonic_clock(&mut self, clock: impl HostMonotonicClock + 'static) -> &mut Self {
self.monotonic_clock = Box::new(clock);
self
}
/// Allow all network addresses accessible to the host.
///
/// This method will inherit all network addresses meaning that any address
/// can be bound by the guest or connected to by the guest using any
/// protocol.
///
/// See also [`WasiCtxBuilder::socket_addr_check`].
pub fn inherit_network(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
self.socket_addr_check(|_, _| Box::pin(async { true }))
}
/// A check that will be called for each socket address that is used.
///
/// Returning `true` will permit socket connections to the `SocketAddr`,
/// while returning `false` will reject the connection.
pub fn socket_addr_check<F>(&mut self, check: F) -> &mut Self
where
F: Fn(SocketAddr, SocketAddrUse) -> Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = bool> + Send + Sync>>
+ Send
+ Sync
+ 'static,
{
self.socket_addr_check = SocketAddrCheck(Arc::new(check));
self
}
/// Allow usage of `wasi:sockets/ip-name-lookup`
///
/// By default this is disabled.
pub fn allow_ip_name_lookup(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self {
self.allowed_network_uses.ip_name_lookup = enable;
self
}
/// Allow usage of UDP.
///
/// This is enabled by default, but can be disabled if UDP should be blanket
/// disabled.
pub fn allow_udp(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self {
self.allowed_network_uses.udp = enable;
self
}
/// Allow usage of TCP
///
/// This is enabled by default, but can be disabled if TCP should be blanket
/// disabled.
pub fn allow_tcp(&mut self, enable: bool) -> &mut Self {
self.allowed_network_uses.tcp = enable;
self
}
/// Uses the configured context so far to construct the final [`WasiCtx`].
///
/// Note that each `WasiCtxBuilder` can only be used to "build" once, and
/// calling this method twice will panic.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if this method is called twice. Each [`WasiCtxBuilder`] can be
/// used to create only a single [`WasiCtx`]. Repeated usage of this method
/// is not allowed and should use a second builder instead.
pub fn build(&mut self) -> WasiCtx {
assert!(!self.built);
let Self {
stdin,
stdout,
stderr,
env,
args,
preopens,
socket_addr_check,
random,
insecure_random,
insecure_random_seed,
wall_clock,
monotonic_clock,
allowed_network_uses,
allow_blocking_current_thread,
built: _,
} = mem::replace(self, Self::new());
self.built = true;
WasiCtx {
stdin,
stdout,
stderr,
env,
args,
preopens,
socket_addr_check,
random,
insecure_random,
insecure_random_seed,
wall_clock,
monotonic_clock,
allowed_network_uses,
allow_blocking_current_thread,
}
}
/// Builds a WASIp1 context instead of a [`WasiCtx`].
///
/// This method is the same as [`build`](WasiCtxBuilder::build) but it
/// creates a [`WasiP1Ctx`] instead. This is intended for use with the
/// [`preview1`] module of this crate
///
/// [`WasiP1Ctx`]: crate::preview1::WasiP1Ctx
/// [`preview1`]: crate::preview1
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if this method is called twice. Each [`WasiCtxBuilder`] can be
/// used to create only a single [`WasiCtx`] or [`WasiP1Ctx`]. Repeated
/// usage of this method is not allowed and should use a second builder
/// instead.
#[cfg(feature = "preview1")]
pub fn build_p1(&mut self) -> crate::preview1::WasiP1Ctx {
let wasi = self.build();
crate::preview1::WasiP1Ctx::new(wasi)
}
}
/// A trait which provides access to internal WASI state.
///
/// This trait is the basis of implementation of all traits in this crate. All
/// traits are implemented like:
///
/// ```
/// # trait WasiView {}
/// # mod bindings { pub mod wasi { pub trait Host {} } }
/// impl<T: WasiView> bindings::wasi::Host for T {
/// // ...
/// }
/// ```
///
/// For a [`Store<T>`](wasmtime::Store) this trait will be implemented
/// for the `T`. This also corresponds to the `T` in
/// [`Linker<T>`](wasmtime::component::Linker).
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime_wasi::{WasiCtx, ResourceTable, WasiView, WasiCtxBuilder};
///
/// struct MyState {
/// ctx: WasiCtx,
/// table: ResourceTable,
/// }
///
/// impl WasiView for MyState {
/// fn ctx(&mut self) -> &mut WasiCtx { &mut self.ctx }
/// fn table(&mut self) -> &mut ResourceTable { &mut self.table }
/// }
///
/// impl MyState {
/// fn new() -> MyState {
/// let mut wasi = WasiCtxBuilder::new();
/// wasi.arg("./foo.wasm");
/// wasi.arg("--help");
/// wasi.env("FOO", "bar");
///
/// MyState {
/// ctx: wasi.build(),
/// table: ResourceTable::new(),
/// }
/// }
/// }
/// ```
pub trait WasiView: Send {
/// Yields mutable access to the internal resource management that this
/// context contains.
///
/// Embedders can add custom resources to this table as well to give
/// resources to wasm as well.
fn table(&mut self) -> &mut ResourceTable;
/// Yields mutable access to the configuration used for this context.
///
/// The returned type is created through [`WasiCtxBuilder`].
fn ctx(&mut self) -> &mut WasiCtx;
}
impl<T: ?Sized + WasiView> WasiView for &mut T {
fn table(&mut self) -> &mut ResourceTable {
T::table(self)
}
fn ctx(&mut self) -> &mut WasiCtx {
T::ctx(self)
}
}
impl<T: ?Sized + WasiView> WasiView for Box<T> {
fn table(&mut self) -> &mut ResourceTable {
T::table(self)
}
fn ctx(&mut self) -> &mut WasiCtx {
T::ctx(self)
}
}
/// A small newtype wrapper which serves as the basis for implementations of
/// `Host` WASI traits in this crate.
///
/// This type is used as the basis for the implementation of all `Host` traits
/// generated by `bindgen!` for WASI interfaces. This is used automatically with
/// [`add_to_linker_sync`](crate::add_to_linker_sync) and
/// [`add_to_linker_async`](crate::add_to_linker_async).
///
/// This type is otherwise provided if you're calling the `add_to_linker`
/// functions generated by `bindgen!` from the [`bindings`
/// module](crate::bindings). In this situation you'll want to create a value of
/// this type in the closures added to a `Linker`.
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct WasiImpl<T>(pub T);
impl<T: WasiView> WasiView for WasiImpl<T> {
fn table(&mut self) -> &mut ResourceTable {
T::table(&mut self.0)
}
fn ctx(&mut self) -> &mut WasiCtx {
T::ctx(&mut self.0)
}
}
/// Per-[`Store`] state which holds state necessary to implement WASI from this
/// crate.
///
/// This structure is created through [`WasiCtxBuilder`] and is stored within
/// the `T` of [`Store<T>`][`Store`]. Access to the structure is provided
/// through the [`WasiView`] trait as an implementation on `T`.
///
/// Note that this structure itself does not have any accessors, it's here for
/// internal use within the `wasmtime-wasi` crate's implementation of
/// bindgen-generated traits.
///
/// [`Store`]: wasmtime::Store
pub struct WasiCtx {
pub(crate) random: Box<dyn RngCore + Send>,
pub(crate) insecure_random: Box<dyn RngCore + Send>,
pub(crate) insecure_random_seed: u128,
pub(crate) wall_clock: Box<dyn HostWallClock + Send>,
pub(crate) monotonic_clock: Box<dyn HostMonotonicClock + Send>,
pub(crate) env: Vec<(String, String)>,
pub(crate) args: Vec<String>,
pub(crate) preopens: Vec<(Dir, String)>,
pub(crate) stdin: Box<dyn StdinStream>,
pub(crate) stdout: Box<dyn StdoutStream>,
pub(crate) stderr: Box<dyn StdoutStream>,
pub(crate) socket_addr_check: SocketAddrCheck,
pub(crate) allowed_network_uses: AllowedNetworkUses,
pub(crate) allow_blocking_current_thread: bool,
}
impl WasiCtx {
/// Convenience function for calling [`WasiCtxBuilder::new`].
pub fn builder() -> WasiCtxBuilder {
WasiCtxBuilder::new()
}
}
pub struct AllowedNetworkUses {
pub ip_name_lookup: bool,
pub udp: bool,
pub tcp: bool,
}
impl Default for AllowedNetworkUses {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
ip_name_lookup: false,
udp: true,
tcp: true,
}
}
}
impl AllowedNetworkUses {
pub(crate) fn check_allowed_udp(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if !self.udp {
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied,
"UDP is not allowed",
));
}
Ok(())
}
pub(crate) fn check_allowed_tcp(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
if !self.tcp {
return Err(std::io::Error::new(
std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied,
"TCP is not allowed",
));
}
Ok(())
}
}