Enum snafu::guide::examples::backtrace::Error

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pub enum Error {
    UsualCase {
        backtrace: Backtrace,
    },
    UsedInTightLoop {
        backtrace: Option<Backtrace>,
    },
    SnafuErrorAsSource {
        source: ConfigFileError,
    },
    SourceErrorDoesNotHaveBacktrace {
        source: Error,
        backtrace: Backtrace,
    },
}
Expand description

Backtraces aren’t yet supported by the stable Rust compiler. SNAFU provides a stable-compatible way of getting backtraces as well as support for the backtrace support in the nightly compiler. By default, backtraces are disabled. It is expected that the final executable adds SNAFU as a dependency and chooses the appropriate feature flag to enable backtraces.

When using SNAFU to define error types, it’s recommended to start with a Backtrace field on every leaf error variant (those without a source). Backtraces are only captured on failure. Since backtraces are disabled by default, adding them in a library does not force any users to pay the price of backtraces if they are not used; they can be zero cost.

Certain errors are used for flow control. Those don’t need a backtrace as they don’t represent actual failures. However, sometimes an error is mostly used for flow control but might also indicate an error. In those cases, you can use Option<Backtrace> to avoid capturing a backtrace unless an environment variable is set by the end user to provide additional debugging.

For variants that do have a source, you need to evaluate if the source error provides a backtrace of some kind. If it is another SNAFU error, for example, you can delegate retrieval of the backtrace to the source error. If the source error doesn’t provide its own backtrace, you should capture your own backtrace. This backtrace would not be as useful as one captured by the source error, but it’s as useful as you can get.

When you wish to display the backtrace of an error, you can use the ErrorCompat::backtrace method. It’s recommended to always use this in the fully-qualified form so it will be easy to find and replace when Rust stabilizes backtraces.

use snafu::ErrorCompat;

fn inner_process() -> Result<(), Error> {
    // Complicated logic
}

fn main() {
    if let Err(e) = inner_process() {
        eprintln!("An error occurred: {}", e);
        if let Some(bt) = ErrorCompat::backtrace(&e) {
            eprintln!("{:?}", bt);
        }
    }
}

Variants§

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UsualCase

The most common leaf error should always include a backtrace field. .

Fields

§backtrace: Backtrace
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UsedInTightLoop

When an error is expected to be created frequently but the backtrace is rarely needed, you can wrap it in an Option. See GenerateBacktrace for instructions on how to access the backtrace in this case.q.

Fields

§backtrace: Option<Backtrace>
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SnafuErrorAsSource

This error wraps another error that already has a backtrace. Instead of capturing our own, we forward the request for the backtrace to the inner error. This gives a more accurate backtrace.

Fields

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SourceErrorDoesNotHaveBacktrace

This error wraps another error that does not expose a backtrace. We capture our own backtrace to provide something useful.

Fields

§source: Error
§backtrace: Backtrace

Trait Implementations§

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impl Debug for Error

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Display for Error

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fn fmt(&self, __snafu_display_formatter: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Error for Error
where Self: Debug + Display,

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fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()
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fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting
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fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

Returns the lower-level source of this error, if any. Read more
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fn provide<'a>(&'a self, request: &mut Request<'a>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)
Provides type-based access to context intended for error reports. Read more
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impl ErrorCompat for Error

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fn backtrace(&self) -> Option<&Backtrace>

Returns a Backtrace that may be printed.
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impl IntoError<Error> for SnafuErrorAsSource

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type Source = ConfigFileError

The underlying error
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fn into_error(self, error: Self::Source) -> Error

Combine the information to produce the error
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impl IntoError<Error> for SourceErrorDoesNotHaveBacktrace

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type Source = Error

The underlying error
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fn into_error(self, error: Self::Source) -> Error

Combine the information to produce the error
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impl IntoError<Error> for UsedInTightLoop

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type Source = NoneError

The underlying error
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fn into_error(self, error: Self::Source) -> Error

Combine the information to produce the error
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impl IntoError<Error> for UsualCase

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type Source = NoneError

The underlying error
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fn into_error(self, error: Self::Source) -> Error

Combine the information to produce the error

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl Freeze for Error

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impl !RefUnwindSafe for Error

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impl Send for Error

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impl Sync for Error

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impl Unpin for Error

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impl !UnwindSafe for Error

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> AsErrorSource for T
where T: Error + 'static,

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fn as_error_source(&self) -> &(dyn Error + 'static)

For maximum effectiveness, this needs to be called as a method to benefit from Rust’s automatic dereferencing of method receivers.
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.