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//! Working with GC `struct` objects.
use crate::runtime::vm::VMGcRef;
use crate::store::StoreId;
use crate::vm::{GcLayout, GcStructLayout, VMGcHeader, VMStructRef};
use crate::{
prelude::*,
store::{AutoAssertNoGc, StoreContextMut, StoreOpaque},
AsContext, AsContextMut, GcHeapOutOfMemory, GcRefImpl, GcRootIndex, HeapType, ManuallyRooted,
RefType, Rooted, StructType, Val, ValRaw, ValType, WasmTy,
};
use crate::{AnyRef, FieldType};
use core::mem::{self, MaybeUninit};
use wasmtime_environ::{VMGcKind, VMSharedTypeIndex};
/// An allocator for a particular Wasm GC struct type.
///
/// Every `StructRefPre` is associated with a particular
/// [`Store`][crate::Store] and a particular [StructType][crate::StructType].
///
/// Reusing an allocator across many allocations amortizes some per-type runtime
/// overheads inside Wasmtime. A `StructRefPre` is to `StructRef`s as an
/// `InstancePre` is to `Instance`s.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime::*;
///
/// # fn foo() -> Result<()> {
/// let mut config = Config::new();
/// config.wasm_function_references(true);
/// config.wasm_gc(true);
///
/// let engine = Engine::new(&config)?;
/// let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
///
/// // Define a struct type.
/// let struct_ty = StructType::new(
/// store.engine(),
/// [FieldType::new(Mutability::Var, StorageType::I8)],
/// )?;
///
/// // Create an allocator for the struct type.
/// let allocator = StructRefPre::new(&mut store, struct_ty);
///
/// {
/// let mut scope = RootScope::new(&mut store);
///
/// // Allocate a bunch of instances of our struct type using the same
/// // allocator! This is faster than creating a new allocator for each
/// // instance we want to allocate.
/// for i in 0..10 {
/// StructRef::new(&mut scope, &allocator, &[Val::I32(i)])?;
/// }
/// }
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # foo().unwrap();
/// ```
pub struct StructRefPre {
store_id: StoreId,
ty: StructType,
}
impl StructRefPre {
/// Create a new `StructRefPre` that is associated with the given store
/// and type.
pub fn new(mut store: impl AsContextMut, ty: StructType) -> Self {
Self::_new(store.as_context_mut().0, ty)
}
pub(crate) fn _new(store: &mut StoreOpaque, ty: StructType) -> Self {
store.insert_gc_host_alloc_type(ty.registered_type().clone());
let store_id = store.id();
StructRefPre { store_id, ty }
}
pub(crate) fn layout(&self) -> &GcStructLayout {
self.ty
.registered_type()
.layout()
.expect("struct types have a layout")
.unwrap_struct()
}
pub(crate) fn type_index(&self) -> VMSharedTypeIndex {
self.ty.registered_type().index()
}
}
/// A reference to a GC-managed `struct` instance.
///
/// WebAssembly `struct`s are static, fixed-length, ordered sequences of
/// fields. Fields are named by index, not by identifier; in this way, they are
/// similar to Rust's tuples. Each field is mutable or constant and stores
/// unpacked [`Val`][crate::Val]s or packed 8-/16-bit integers.
///
/// Like all WebAssembly references, these are opaque and unforgeable to Wasm:
/// they cannot be faked and Wasm cannot, for example, cast the integer
/// `0x12345678` into a reference, pretend it is a valid `structref`, and trick
/// the host into dereferencing it and segfaulting or worse.
///
/// Note that you can also use `Rooted<StructRef>` and
/// `ManuallyRooted<StructRef>` as a type parameter with
/// [`Func::typed`][crate::Func::typed]- and
/// [`Func::wrap`][crate::Func::wrap]-style APIs.
///
/// # Example
///
/// ```
/// use wasmtime::*;
///
/// # fn foo() -> Result<()> {
/// let mut config = Config::new();
/// config.wasm_function_references(true);
/// config.wasm_gc(true);
///
/// let engine = Engine::new(&config)?;
/// let mut store = Store::new(&engine, ());
///
/// // Define a struct type.
/// let struct_ty = StructType::new(
/// store.engine(),
/// [FieldType::new(Mutability::Var, StorageType::I8)],
/// )?;
///
/// // Create an allocator for the struct type.
/// let allocator = StructRefPre::new(&mut store, struct_ty);
///
/// {
/// let mut scope = RootScope::new(&mut store);
///
/// // Allocate an instance of the struct type.
/// let my_struct = match StructRef::new(&mut scope, &allocator, &[Val::I32(42)]) {
/// Ok(s) => s,
/// // If the heap is out of memory, then do a GC and try again.
/// Err(e) if e.is::<GcHeapOutOfMemory<()>>() => {
/// // Do a GC! Note: in an async context, you'd want to do
/// // `scope.as_context_mut().gc_async().await`.
/// scope.as_context_mut().gc();
///
/// StructRef::new(&mut scope, &allocator, &[Val::I32(42)])?
/// }
/// Err(e) => return Err(e),
/// };
///
/// // That instance's field should have the expected value.
/// let val = my_struct.field(&mut scope, 0)?.unwrap_i32();
/// assert_eq!(val, 42);
///
/// // And we can update the field's value because it is a mutable field.
/// my_struct.set_field(&mut scope, 0, Val::I32(36))?;
/// let new_val = my_struct.field(&mut scope, 0)?.unwrap_i32();
/// assert_eq!(new_val, 36);
/// }
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # foo().unwrap();
/// ```
#[derive(Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct StructRef {
pub(super) inner: GcRootIndex,
}
unsafe impl GcRefImpl for StructRef {
#[allow(private_interfaces)]
fn transmute_ref(index: &GcRootIndex) -> &Self {
// Safety: `StructRef` is a newtype of a `GcRootIndex`.
let me: &Self = unsafe { mem::transmute(index) };
// Assert we really are just a newtype of a `GcRootIndex`.
assert!(matches!(
me,
Self {
inner: GcRootIndex { .. },
}
));
me
}
}
impl Rooted<StructRef> {
/// Upcast this `structref` into an `anyref`.
#[inline]
pub fn to_anyref(self) -> Rooted<AnyRef> {
self.unchecked_cast()
}
}
impl ManuallyRooted<StructRef> {
/// Upcast this `structref` into an `anyref`.
#[inline]
pub fn to_anyref(self) -> ManuallyRooted<AnyRef> {
self.unchecked_cast()
}
}
impl StructRef {
/// Allocate a new `struct` and get a reference to it.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the given `fields` values' types do not match the field types of the
/// `allocator`'s struct type, an error is returned.
///
/// If the allocation cannot be satisfied because the GC heap is currently
/// out of memory, but performing a garbage collection might free up space
/// such that retrying the allocation afterwards might succeed, then a
/// [`GcHeapOutOfMemory<()>`][crate::GcHeapOutOfMemory] error is returned.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if the allocator, or any of the field values, is not associated
/// with the given store.
pub fn new(
mut store: impl AsContextMut,
allocator: &StructRefPre,
fields: &[Val],
) -> Result<Rooted<StructRef>> {
Self::_new(store.as_context_mut().0, allocator, fields)
}
pub(crate) fn _new(
store: &mut StoreOpaque,
allocator: &StructRefPre,
fields: &[Val],
) -> Result<Rooted<StructRef>> {
assert_eq!(
store.id(),
allocator.store_id,
"attempted to use a `StructRefPre` with the wrong store"
);
// Type check the given values against the field types.
let expected_len = allocator.ty.fields().len();
let actual_len = fields.len();
ensure!(
actual_len == expected_len,
"expected {expected_len} fields, got {actual_len}"
);
for (ty, val) in allocator.ty.fields().zip(fields) {
assert!(
val.comes_from_same_store(store),
"field value comes from the wrong store",
);
let ty = ty.element_type().unpack();
val.ensure_matches_ty(store, ty)
.context("field type mismatch")?;
}
// Allocate the struct and write each field value into the appropriate
// offset.
let structref = store
.gc_store_mut()?
.alloc_uninit_struct(allocator.type_index(), &allocator.layout())
.err2anyhow()
.context("unrecoverable error when allocating new `structref`")?
.ok_or_else(|| GcHeapOutOfMemory::new(()))
.err2anyhow()?;
// From this point on, if we get any errors, then the struct is not
// fully initialized, so we need to eagerly deallocate it before the
// next GC where the collector might try to interpret one of the
// uninitialized fields as a GC reference.
let mut store = AutoAssertNoGc::new(store);
match (|| {
for (index, (ty, val)) in allocator.ty.fields().zip(fields).enumerate() {
structref.initialize_field(
&mut store,
allocator.layout(),
ty.element_type(),
index,
*val,
)?;
}
Ok(())
})() {
Ok(()) => Ok(Rooted::new(&mut store, structref.into())),
Err(e) => {
store.gc_store_mut()?.dealloc_uninit_struct(structref);
Err(e)
}
}
}
#[inline]
pub(crate) fn comes_from_same_store(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> bool {
self.inner.comes_from_same_store(store)
}
/// Get this `structref`'s type.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Return an error if this reference has been unrooted.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if this reference is associated with a different store.
pub fn ty(&self, store: impl AsContext) -> Result<StructType> {
self._ty(store.as_context().0)
}
pub(crate) fn _ty(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> Result<StructType> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(store));
let index = self.type_index(store)?;
Ok(StructType::from_shared_type_index(store.engine(), index))
}
/// Does this `structref` match the given type?
///
/// That is, is this struct's type a subtype of the given type?
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Return an error if this reference has been unrooted.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if this reference is associated with a different store or if the
/// type is not associated with the store's engine.
pub fn matches_ty(&self, store: impl AsContext, ty: &StructType) -> Result<bool> {
self._matches_ty(store.as_context().0, ty)
}
pub(crate) fn _matches_ty(&self, store: &StoreOpaque, ty: &StructType) -> Result<bool> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(store));
Ok(self._ty(store)?.matches(ty))
}
pub(crate) fn ensure_matches_ty(&self, store: &StoreOpaque, ty: &StructType) -> Result<()> {
if !self.comes_from_same_store(store) {
bail!("function used with wrong store");
}
if self._matches_ty(store, ty)? {
Ok(())
} else {
let actual_ty = self._ty(store)?;
bail!("type mismatch: expected `(ref {ty})`, found `(ref {actual_ty})`")
}
}
/// Get the values of this struct's fields.
///
/// Note that `i8` and `i16` field values are zero-extended into
/// `Val::I32(_)`s.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Return an error if this reference has been unrooted.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if this reference is associated with a different store.
pub fn fields<'a, T: 'a>(
&'a self,
store: impl Into<StoreContextMut<'a, T>>,
) -> Result<impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Val> + 'a> {
self._fields(store.into().0)
}
pub(crate) fn _fields<'a>(
&'a self,
store: &'a mut StoreOpaque,
) -> Result<impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = Val> + 'a> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(store));
let store = AutoAssertNoGc::new(store);
let gc_ref = self.inner.try_gc_ref(&store)?;
let header = store.gc_store()?.header(gc_ref);
debug_assert!(header.kind().matches(VMGcKind::StructRef));
let index = header.ty().expect("structrefs should have concrete types");
let ty = StructType::from_shared_type_index(store.engine(), index);
let len = ty.fields().len();
return Ok(Fields {
structref: self,
store,
index: 0,
len,
});
struct Fields<'a, 'b> {
structref: &'a StructRef,
store: AutoAssertNoGc<'b>,
index: usize,
len: usize,
}
impl Iterator for Fields<'_, '_> {
type Item = Val;
#[inline]
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
let i = self.index;
debug_assert!(i <= self.len);
if i >= self.len {
return None;
}
self.index += 1;
Some(self.structref._field(&mut self.store, i).unwrap())
}
#[inline]
fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
let len = self.len - self.index;
(len, Some(len))
}
}
impl ExactSizeIterator for Fields<'_, '_> {
#[inline]
fn len(&self) -> usize {
self.len - self.index
}
}
}
fn header<'a>(&self, store: &'a AutoAssertNoGc<'_>) -> Result<&'a VMGcHeader> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(&store));
let gc_ref = self.inner.try_gc_ref(store)?;
Ok(store.gc_store()?.header(gc_ref))
}
fn structref<'a>(&self, store: &'a AutoAssertNoGc<'_>) -> Result<&'a VMStructRef> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(&store));
let gc_ref = self.inner.try_gc_ref(store)?;
debug_assert!(self.header(store)?.kind().matches(VMGcKind::StructRef));
Ok(gc_ref.as_structref_unchecked())
}
fn layout(&self, store: &AutoAssertNoGc<'_>) -> Result<GcStructLayout> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(&store));
let type_index = self.type_index(store)?;
let layout = store
.engine()
.signatures()
.layout(type_index)
.expect("struct types should have GC layouts");
match layout {
GcLayout::Struct(s) => Ok(s),
GcLayout::Array(_) => unreachable!(),
}
}
fn field_ty(&self, store: &StoreOpaque, field: usize) -> Result<FieldType> {
let ty = self._ty(store)?;
match ty.field(field) {
Some(f) => Ok(f),
None => {
let len = ty.fields().len();
bail!("cannot access field {field}: struct only has {len} fields")
}
}
}
/// Get this struct's `index`th field.
///
/// Note that `i8` and `i16` field values are zero-extended into
/// `Val::I32(_)`s.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an `Err(_)` if the index is out of bounds or this reference has
/// been unrooted.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if this reference is associated with a different store.
pub fn field(&self, mut store: impl AsContextMut, index: usize) -> Result<Val> {
let mut store = AutoAssertNoGc::new(store.as_context_mut().0);
self._field(&mut store, index)
}
pub(crate) fn _field(&self, store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, index: usize) -> Result<Val> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(store));
let structref = self.structref(store)?.unchecked_copy();
let field_ty = self.field_ty(store, index)?;
let layout = self.layout(store)?;
Ok(structref.read_field(store, &layout, field_ty.element_type(), index))
}
/// Set this struct's `index`th field.
///
/// # Errors
///
/// Returns an error in the following scenarios:
///
/// * When given a value of the wrong type, such as trying to set an `f32`
/// field to an `i64` value.
///
/// * When the field is not mutable.
///
/// * When this struct does not have an `index`th field, i.e. `index` is out
/// of bounds.
///
/// * When `value` is a GC reference that has since been unrooted.
///
/// # Panics
///
/// Panics if this reference is associated with a different store.
pub fn set_field(&self, mut store: impl AsContextMut, index: usize, value: Val) -> Result<()> {
self._set_field(store.as_context_mut().0, index, value)
}
pub(crate) fn _set_field(
&self,
store: &mut StoreOpaque,
index: usize,
value: Val,
) -> Result<()> {
assert!(self.comes_from_same_store(store));
let mut store = AutoAssertNoGc::new(store);
let field_ty = self.field_ty(&store, index)?;
ensure!(
field_ty.mutability().is_var(),
"cannot set field {index}: field is not mutable"
);
value
.ensure_matches_ty(&store, &field_ty.element_type().unpack())
.with_context(|| format!("cannot set field {index}: type mismatch"))?;
let layout = self.layout(&store)?;
let structref = self.structref(&store)?.unchecked_copy();
structref.write_field(&mut store, &layout, field_ty.element_type(), index, value)
}
pub(crate) fn type_index(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> Result<VMSharedTypeIndex> {
let gc_ref = self.inner.try_gc_ref(store)?;
let header = store.gc_store()?.header(gc_ref);
debug_assert!(header.kind().matches(VMGcKind::StructRef));
Ok(header.ty().expect("structrefs should have concrete types"))
}
/// Create a new `Rooted<StructRef>` from the given GC reference.
///
/// `gc_ref` should point to a valid `structref` and should belong to the
/// store's GC heap. Failure to uphold these invariants is memory safe but
/// will lead to general incorrectness such as panics or wrong results.
pub(crate) fn from_cloned_gc_ref(
store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>,
gc_ref: VMGcRef,
) -> Rooted<Self> {
debug_assert!(!gc_ref.is_i31());
Rooted::new(store, gc_ref)
}
}
unsafe impl WasmTy for Rooted<StructRef> {
#[inline]
fn valtype() -> ValType {
ValType::Ref(RefType::new(false, HeapType::Struct))
}
#[inline]
fn compatible_with_store(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> bool {
self.comes_from_same_store(store)
}
#[inline]
fn dynamic_concrete_type_check(
&self,
store: &StoreOpaque,
_nullable: bool,
ty: &HeapType,
) -> Result<()> {
match ty {
HeapType::Any | HeapType::Eq | HeapType::Struct => Ok(()),
HeapType::ConcreteStruct(ty) => self.ensure_matches_ty(store, ty),
HeapType::Extern
| HeapType::NoExtern
| HeapType::Func
| HeapType::ConcreteFunc(_)
| HeapType::NoFunc
| HeapType::I31
| HeapType::Array
| HeapType::ConcreteArray(_)
| HeapType::None => bail!(
"type mismatch: expected `(ref {ty})`, got `(ref {})`",
self._ty(store)?,
),
}
}
fn store(self, store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &mut MaybeUninit<ValRaw>) -> Result<()> {
self.wasm_ty_store(store, ptr, ValRaw::anyref)
}
unsafe fn load(store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &ValRaw) -> Self {
Self::wasm_ty_load(store, ptr.get_anyref(), StructRef::from_cloned_gc_ref)
}
}
unsafe impl WasmTy for Option<Rooted<StructRef>> {
#[inline]
fn valtype() -> ValType {
ValType::STRUCTREF
}
#[inline]
fn compatible_with_store(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> bool {
self.map_or(true, |x| x.comes_from_same_store(store))
}
#[inline]
fn dynamic_concrete_type_check(
&self,
store: &StoreOpaque,
nullable: bool,
ty: &HeapType,
) -> Result<()> {
match self {
Some(s) => Rooted::<StructRef>::dynamic_concrete_type_check(s, store, nullable, ty),
None => {
ensure!(
nullable,
"expected a non-null reference, but found a null reference"
);
Ok(())
}
}
}
#[inline]
fn is_vmgcref_and_points_to_object(&self) -> bool {
self.is_some()
}
fn store(self, store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &mut MaybeUninit<ValRaw>) -> Result<()> {
<Rooted<StructRef>>::wasm_ty_option_store(self, store, ptr, ValRaw::anyref)
}
unsafe fn load(store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &ValRaw) -> Self {
<Rooted<StructRef>>::wasm_ty_option_load(
store,
ptr.get_anyref(),
StructRef::from_cloned_gc_ref,
)
}
}
unsafe impl WasmTy for ManuallyRooted<StructRef> {
#[inline]
fn valtype() -> ValType {
ValType::Ref(RefType::new(false, HeapType::Struct))
}
#[inline]
fn compatible_with_store(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> bool {
self.comes_from_same_store(store)
}
#[inline]
fn dynamic_concrete_type_check(
&self,
store: &StoreOpaque,
_: bool,
ty: &HeapType,
) -> Result<()> {
match ty {
HeapType::Any | HeapType::Eq | HeapType::Struct => Ok(()),
HeapType::ConcreteStruct(ty) => self.ensure_matches_ty(store, ty),
HeapType::Extern
| HeapType::NoExtern
| HeapType::Func
| HeapType::ConcreteFunc(_)
| HeapType::NoFunc
| HeapType::I31
| HeapType::Array
| HeapType::ConcreteArray(_)
| HeapType::None => bail!(
"type mismatch: expected `(ref {ty})`, got `(ref {})`",
self._ty(store)?,
),
}
}
fn store(self, store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &mut MaybeUninit<ValRaw>) -> Result<()> {
self.wasm_ty_store(store, ptr, ValRaw::anyref)
}
unsafe fn load(store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &ValRaw) -> Self {
Self::wasm_ty_load(store, ptr.get_anyref(), StructRef::from_cloned_gc_ref)
}
}
unsafe impl WasmTy for Option<ManuallyRooted<StructRef>> {
#[inline]
fn valtype() -> ValType {
ValType::STRUCTREF
}
#[inline]
fn compatible_with_store(&self, store: &StoreOpaque) -> bool {
self.as_ref()
.map_or(true, |x| x.comes_from_same_store(store))
}
#[inline]
fn dynamic_concrete_type_check(
&self,
store: &StoreOpaque,
nullable: bool,
ty: &HeapType,
) -> Result<()> {
match self {
Some(s) => {
ManuallyRooted::<StructRef>::dynamic_concrete_type_check(s, store, nullable, ty)
}
None => {
ensure!(
nullable,
"expected a non-null reference, but found a null reference"
);
Ok(())
}
}
}
#[inline]
fn is_vmgcref_and_points_to_object(&self) -> bool {
self.is_some()
}
fn store(self, store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &mut MaybeUninit<ValRaw>) -> Result<()> {
<ManuallyRooted<StructRef>>::wasm_ty_option_store(self, store, ptr, ValRaw::anyref)
}
unsafe fn load(store: &mut AutoAssertNoGc<'_>, ptr: &ValRaw) -> Self {
<ManuallyRooted<StructRef>>::wasm_ty_option_load(
store,
ptr.get_anyref(),
StructRef::from_cloned_gc_ref,
)
}
}